Heavy Judicial Paddle Spanking

I see quite a lot of this style of paddling art by Asian erotic artists, with the punished person restrained on these crucifixion-style spanking benches, enduring the most severe spankings with a heavy wooden paddle. I’m given to understand that it’s an (eroticized of course!) depiction of traditional judicial punishment, although its true cultural provenance is hotly disputed between partisans of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean cultures.